Tuesday, January 18, 2011

Are Chinese (Asian Confucianist) School Education System Really Winning?

There is really no perfect education system since it is catered to meet the needs of the majority of the times. Sadly, the growth potential of a minority are likely to be neglected or even slowed down in the process.

Kristof , like some of the academics with global vision and experience I have spoken to, is well placed to view both sides of the coins and the complexities of education issues. Unlike others, he could appreciate what propelled the enigmatic success of China (and other Asian countries) and its shortcomings. More importantly, how could countries that performed poorly in recent education ratings learn and catch up.

Many people of this generation seem to have forgotten that in the heydays, the British, German and Scandinavian education systems used to highlight rote learning and rigour, overseen by regimental and stringent headmasters. There are indeed similarities between the East and West in this respect, contrary to many who see the contrast between day and light.

Education and meritocracy are the legitimate and egalitarian paths to gaining social economic status in an orderly manner. The result would be a society with a sizeable middle class population. Everyone has an even chance rather than the skewed results of private and public schools systems that have developed in most free enterprise systems.

Critics who paint an absolutely negative image of the Chinese / Asian / Confucianist value on education should ponder deeper. Are they envious and sour graping sore losers? Are they too shallow to appreciate the positive aspects of a disciplined education system?

Meanwhile, the Chinese unfazed by academic success, are constantly seeking to improve their education system and humbly learn from the West / Americans who they admire for stimulating creativity.  It is not difficult to anticipate which school system will be the real winners in the longer term.

Op-Ed Columnist

China’s Winning Schools?



http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/opinion/16kristof.html

Quote : 

Education thrives in China and the rest of Asia because it is a top priority — and we’ve plenty to learn from that.

For a socialist system that hesitates to fire people, China has also been surprisingly adept — more so than America — at dealing with ineffective teachers. Chinese principals can’t easily dismiss teachers, but they can get extra training for less effective teachers, or if that doesn’t work, push them into other jobs.

But this is the paradox: Chinese themselves are far less impressed by their school system. Almost every time I try to interview a Chinese about the system here, I hear grousing rather than praise. Many Chinese complain scathingly that their system kills independent thought and creativity, and they envy the American system for nurturing self-reliance — and for trying to make learning exciting and not just a chore.

For my part, I think the self-criticisms are exactly right, but I also deeply admire the passion for education and the commitment to making the system better. And while William Butler Yeats was right that “education is not filling a bucket but lighting a fire,” it’s also true that it’s easier to ignite a bonfire if there’s fuel in the bucket.

The larger issue is that the greatest strength of the Chinese system is the Confucian reverence for education that is steeped into the culture. In Chinese schools, teachers are much respected, and the most admired kid is often the brain rather than the jock or class clown.

Americans think of China’s strategic challenge in terms of, say, the new Chinese stealth fighter aircraft. But the real challenge is the rise of China’s education system and the passion for learning that underlies it. We’re not going to become Confucians, but we can elevate education on our list of priorities without relinquishing creativity and independent thought.

Monday, January 17, 2011

Worship of Chinese Historical Heroic Figures and Cultural Traditions

Deeply entrenched in the traditions and cultures of the Chinese people is practice to remember historical figures and commemorate special events. There is often a fine line between mythology and history. Taoist teachings have an enduring influence in these mystical stories that have wowed many generations. Volumes of folklore stories have been written, with greater ethusiasm, dramatisation and miraculous claims. Many of these have been scripted and performed in opera conveyed in different regional dialects.

Most Chinese peoples including some of the illiterate worshippers are aware that they are not "praying" to a god, demi-god, deity or shen 神 despite the tendency to "idolise" almost every spiritual figure, including the Buddha. However, injecting an element of mysticism adds flavour and colour to enrich their way of life.

Values are incalcated and reinforced by performing rituals for thousands of years. Hence, Chinese including many overseas diaspora have built temples to pay respects to Confucius (scholarship), Guan Yu (bravery, honesty, loyalty), Qu Yuan (righteousness, patriotism) and Zheng He (adventure, diplomacy).  Some like Guan Yu and Zheng He are worshipped by other non-Chinese or mixed ethnicities in Southeast Asia. Their beliefs are inclusive. It does not bother overseas Chinese that Zheng He (Cheng Ho / San Bao) was a Hui Muslim.   And Guan Yu was held in high regard in Vietnamese home shrines even though he was of a different ethnicity.  There are many more regional and local folk heroes held in high esteem and models for laymen to follow.

Hero worshipping is probably the Chinese (and some Asian) way of learning from history. This is probably the reason why ancestral worship is an integral part of Chinese customs and traditions. While  Chinese families do not accord divine status to the deceased ancestors, they are "worshipped".  It serves as a reminder for past sacrifices and contributions. It is therefore common to to find ancestors' tablets enshrined in villages and overseas Chinese clan societies.

Thousands of years ago, before moderating and nurturing effects of Confucianism and Buddhism was absorbed by the Chinese, many were pagans and animists. To date, we still find families incorporating worship of the Kitchen God, Heaven Emperor, Mountain and Guardians, Wealth God, etc.

Surprisingly Mao Zedong is still worshipped by some mainland born Chinese baby boomers, overseas residents notwithstanding.  They would usually place a Mao photo or small figurine on the altar or shrine at the side of a Goddess or Mercy or Buddha.  While Mao had built a personality cult, Chinese people had never been duped into believing he was a heavenly son like the Emperors before him who were denounced by his Communist Party.  Mao might have shown superhuman powers when he unified China but he had also committed many grave policy errors and caused untold sufferings to his people.

Mao's bid to get rid of religion in Chinese society could not succeed because beliefs, customs, religion and cultures form a complex matrix,  so closely and strongly intertwined in Chinese society.  Certainly thousands of years of accumulated customs could not be easily wipe out by decades of Cultural Revolution. Today, the fear of excessive materialism and empty souls have prompted the Chinese government to encourage the revival of "religion".

The future face of Chinese religious psyche as increasing number of Chinese turn to Christianity in tandem with the relaxation on church activities is an interesting issue to explore. While Buddhism and Islam are foreign imports assimilated smoothly into the local culture, they are nevertheless oriental philosophies.

I shall deal with this topic in greater detail in future.

References :

http://www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/html/en/History109bye460.html

http://www.china.org.cn/english/culture/137215.htm

http://scenery.cultural-china.com/en/109S124S507.html

http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Excursions/Guan-entrance-sign.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_China